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Contents Guest Editorial JBNST - Vol. 235/4+5 - 2015, pp. 352-354.
Original Papers Mäder, Miriam, Steffen Müller, Regina T. Riphahn, Caroline Schwientek: Intergenerational Transmission of Unemployment - Evidence for German Sons JBNST - Vol. 235/4+5 - 2015, pp. 355-375.
+ show abstract- hide abstractThis paper studies the association between the unemployment experience of fathers and their
sons. Based on German survey data that cover the last decades we find significant positive correlations.
Using instrumental variables estimation and the Gottschalk (1996) method we investigate
to what extent fathers’ unemployment is causal for offsprings’ employment outcomes.
In agreement with most of the small international literature we do not find a positive causal
effect for intergenerational unemployment transmission. This outcome is robust to alternative
data structures and to tests at the intensive and extensive margin of unemployment. Cabane, Charlotte, Michael Lechner: Physical Activity of Adults: A Survey of Correlates, Determinants, and Effects JBNST - Vol. 235/4+5 - 2015, pp. 376-402.
+ show abstract- hide abstractWe survey the literature on the link of labour market related outcomes to individual physical
activity and sports participation. The first part of the survey is devoted to the individual participation
decision and is based on papers from various disciplines. The second part summarises
parts of the epidemiological literature on health effects and the economic literature on the labour
market effects as well as on the effects on well-being and social capital. Somewhat surprisingly,
at least for studies in empirical economics, all the papers seem to agree that individual leisure
sports participation and physical activity has positive effects for adults. Sachs, Andreas, Werner Smolny: Youth Unemployment in the OECD: The Role of Institutions JBNST - Vol. 235/4+5 - 2015, pp. 403-417.
+ show abstract- hide abstractThis paper analyzes the role of labor market institutions for youth unemployment, as contrasted
to total unemployment. The empirical results are basically consistent with an insider view of
labor market institutions. Labor market institutions tend to protect (older) employees but might
harm (young) entrants. Remarkable is especially the significant and very high effect of employment
protection for regular jobs on youth unemployment. In addition, the combined effects of
powerful unions and a coordinated wage bargaining system are beneficial for older people and
detrimental to youth. Finally, the paper identifies a significant link between a demographic as
well as an educational factor and both youth and total unemployment. Mohrenweiser, Jens, Thomas Zwick: Youth Unemployment After Apprenticeship Training and Individual, Occupation and Training Employer Characteristics JBNST - Vol. 235/4+5 - 2015, pp. 418-432.
+ show abstract- hide abstractThis paper analyses the risk of unemployment, unemployment duration, and the risk of longterm
unemployment immediately after apprenticeship graduation. Unemployed apprenticeship
graduates constitute a large share of unemployed youth in Germany but unemployment incidence
within this group is unequally distributed. Our paper extends previous research in three
dimensions. It shows that (i) individual productivity assessment of the training firm, (ii) initial
selection into high reputation training firms and occupations, and (iii) adverse selection
of employer moving graduates are correlated with unemployment after apprenticeship graduation.
The empirical evidence is obtained from the second longitudinal version of the linked
employer-employee panel data from the IAB (LIAB). This large data set allows us to calculate
the exact unemployment spell length of apprenticeship graduates. In addition, we can include
individual, employer, occupation as well as industrial relation characteristics before and after
apprenticeship graduation into our list of explanatory variables for unemployment risk. We
show in several robustness checks that our results are remarkably stable when we vary the
employees included in the sample, the definition of unemployment, and the list of explanatory
variables. Fitzenberger, Bernd, Stefanie Licklederer: Career Planning, School Grades, and Transitions: The Last Two Years in a German Lower Track Secondary School JBNST - Vol. 235/4+5 - 2015, pp. 433-458.
+ show abstract- hide abstractIn Germany, students in lower track secondary schools (LTSS) typically receive intensive career
guidance. Nevertheless, the majority of LTSS student graduates does not start an apprenticeship
immediately after graduation. This paper analyzes career planning, school grades, and the first
transition after graduation for LTSS students in Freiburg during the late 2000s. Only about 10%
of LTSS students start an apprenticeship immediately after graduation. About half, typically
those with better grades, participate in additional general teaching (AGT) and rather continue
schooling after graduation, expecting that this will improve their future career options. The
majority of students with poor school grades, especially male students with a migration background,
continue with pre-vocational training, even though career guidance was effective in
terms of the career planning activities reported by students. Our results suggest that a focus of
career guidance on the immediate start of an apprenticeship after graduation may be misplaced
for those students continuing in further schooling. Furthermore, such a focus potentially raises
hopes for an immediate start of an apprenticeship among the other students, which may later
on be frustrated when a student continues with pre-vocational training. Mohrenweiser, Jens, Friedhelm Pfeiffer: Coaching Disadvantaged Young People: Evidence from Firm Level Data JBNST - Vol. 235/4+5 - 2015, pp. 459-473.
+ show abstract- hide abstractIn Germany, apprenticeship training firms currently face a shrinking number of qualified schoolleavers
because of smaller birth cohorts and an increasing proportion of school leavers aiming
for higher education. This paper investigates whether a programme that supports firms to train
disadvantaged youth can reduce recruiting difficulties in apprentice training firms. Based on
unique firm-level data from the metal and electronic industry in Baden-Württemberg from 2010
to 2013, we apply instrumental variable and difference-in-difference estimations and find no
significant short-term causal impact of the programme. Möller, Joachim, Matthias Umkehrer: Are there Long-Term Earnings Scars from Youth Unemployment in Germany? JBNST - Vol. 235/4+5 - 2015, pp. 474-498.
+ show abstract- hide abstractWe analyze the relationship between early-career unemployment and prime-age earnings with
German administrative linked employer-employee data. The careers of more than 720,000 male
apprenticeship graduates from the cohorts of 1978 to 1980 are followed over 24 years. On average,
early-career unemployment has substantial negative effects on earnings accumulated later
in life. An identification strategy based on plant closure of the training firm at the time of graduation
suggests that the revealed correlation is not the result of unobserved heterogeneity. Scarring
effects also vary considerably across the earnings distribution. Workers with a high earning
potential are able to offset adverse consequences of early-career unemployment to a large extent.
Workers who are located at the bottom of the prime-age earnings distribution, in contrast, suffer
substantial and persistent losses. Our findings imply that a policy with the aim of preventing
early-career unemployment would have long-lasting beneficial effects on future earnings. Tertilt, Michèle, Gerard J. van den Berg: The Association Between Own Unemployment and Violence Victimization Among Female Youths JBNST - Vol. 235/4+5 - 2015, pp. 499-513.
+ show abstract- hide abstractWe estimate the association between the unemployment status of young women and the probability
that they are subject to violence, using Swedish population register data covering the
period 1999-2008. These data contain the highest-level classification of diagnoses made by medical
experts at every individual in-patient and out-patient visit to medical care units, including
every contact with a physician. We distinguish between domestic and non-domestic violence. It
turns out that unemployed women are significantly more likely to be victimized than employed
women with the same individual characteristics. This is mostly reflected in indicators of nondomestic
violence and long-run abuse among unemployed female youths. |